The qualitative analysis of trial-averaged EMG data in this small population supports a relationship between neuromuscular function and induced CCL injury leading to rupture.
Rate of return to competition and duration of the convalescent period may be useful outcome variables for future investigations involving orthopedic procedures in dogs.
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of carpal valgus deformity and biceps brachii tendinopathy following a distant direct skin flap and axillary skin fold flap.
Three-dimensional carpal kinematic analyses may improve our understanding of carpal injury and facilitate the development of novel treatments techniques.
